All Journal and Conference Papers

Forthcoming

Benford, S., Bowers, J., Chandler, P., Ciolfi, L., Flintham, M., Fraser, M., Greenhalgh, C., Hall, T., Hellström, S. O., Izadi, S., Rodden, T., Schnädelbach, H. and Taylor, I., Unearthing Virtual History: Using Diverse Interfaces to Reveal Hidden Virtual Worlds, to appear in Proc. UBICOMP'01, ACM Press

Izadi, S., Coutinho, P., Rodden, T., and Smith, G., The FUSE Platform: Supporting Ubiquitous Collaboration within Diverse Mobile Environments, to appear in Journal of Automated Software Engineering, Kluwer.

Purbrick, J. and Greenhalgh, C., An Extensible Event-based Infrastructure for Networked Virtual Worlds, to appear in Proc. IEEE VR 2002, Orlando, Florida, 2002, IEEE Press.

Greenhalgh, C., Flintham, M., Purbrick, J., and Benford, S., Applications of Temporal Links: Recording and Replaying Virtual Environments, to appear in Proc. IEEE VR 2002, Orlando, Florida, 2002, IEEE Press.

Hall, T., Ciolfi, L., Bannon, L., Fraser, M., Benford, S., Bowers, J., Greenhalgh, C., Hellström, S-O., Izadi, S. and Schnädelbach, H., The Visitor as Virtual Archaeologist: Using Mixed Reality Technology to Enhance Educational and Social Interaction in the Museum, to appear in Proc. Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage (VAST'01), Glyfada, Greece, November 2001.

2001

Radenkovic, M., Greenhalgh, C. and Benford, S., A Scaleable Audio Service for the Internet, in Proc. Telsiks 2001, in Proc. Fifth International IEEE Conference on Telecommunications in Modern Satellite, Cable and Broadcsting Services (TELSIKS '01), Nis, Yugoslavia, 2001, IEEE.

Koleva, B., Schnädelbach, H., Benford, S. and Greenhalgh, C., Experiencing a Presentation though a Mixed Reality Boundary, in Proc. ACM SIGGROUP Conference on Supporting Group Work (GROUP'01), Boulder, Colorado, USA, pp. 71-80, ACM Press

Drozd, A., Bowers, J., Benford, S., Greenhalgh, C. and Fraser, M., Collaboratively Improvising Magic: An Approach to Managing Participation in an On-Line Drama, in Proc. ECSCW'01, Bonn, Germany, pp. 159-178, Kluwer.

Izadi, S., Fraser, M., Benford, S., Flintham, M., Greenhalgh, C., and Schnädelbach, H., Citywide: supporting interactive digital experiences across physical space, in Proc. Mobile HCI'01, Lille, France, pp. 41-46.

Lloyd, D., Steed, A., Bullock, A., Greenhalgh, C. and Frécon, E., Making Networked Virtual Environments Work, in Presence, 10 (2), pp. 142-159, April 2001

Izadi, S., Benford, S., Chevrest, K., Coutinho, P., Flintham, M., Fraser, M., Greenhalgh, C., Mitchell, K. and Rodden, T., A Citywide Mixed Reality Performance: Initial Findings, in Proc. Moving between the physical and digital: Exploring and developing new forms of mixed reality user experience, Workshop at i3 Spring Days, Porto, Portugal, April 2001

Fraser, M., Book Review: Social Navigation of Information Space, in Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 10 (1), January 2001, pp. 139-141, Kluwer

Hindmarsh, J., Heath, C., Fraser, M., Benford, S. and Greenhalgh, C., Research alerts: Object-Focused Interaction in Collaborative Virtual Environments, in Interactions, 8 (3), May 2001, pp. 11-13, ACM Press

Purbrick, J. and Greenhalgh, C., Collaborative Creation of a Persistent Virtual World, in Proc. INTERACT 2001, IOS Press.

Benford, S. D., Greenhalgh, C. M., Rodden, T. and Pycock, J., Collaborative Virtual Environments, in Communications of the ACM, 44 (7), pp. 79-85, ACM Press

Craven, M., Taylor, I., Drozd, A., Purbrick, J., Greenhalgh, C., Benford, S., Fraser, M., Bowers, J., Jaa-Aro, K. M., Lintermann, B. and Hoch, M., Exploiting interactivity, influence, space and time to explore non-linear drama in virtual worlds, in Proc. CHI 2001, pp. 30-47, ACM Press

Stanton, D., Bayon, V., Neale, H., Ghali, A., Benford, S., Cobb, s., Ingram, R., Wilson, J., Pridmore, T. and O'Malley, C., Classroom Collaboration in the Design of Tangible Interfaces for Storytelling, in Proc. CHI 2001, pp. 482-489, ACM Press

Koleva, B., Taylor, I., Benford, S., Fraser, M., Greenhalgh, C., Schnadelbach, H., vom Lehn, D., Heath, C., Row-Farr, J. and Adams, M., Orchestrating a Mixed Reality Performance, in Proc. CHI 2001, pp. 38-45, ACM Press

2000

Hindmarsh, J., Fraser, M., Heath, C., Benford, S. and Greenhalgh, C., Object-Focused Interaction in Collaborative Virtual Environments, in ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (ACM TOCHI) Special Issue on Collaborative Virtual Environments, S. Benford, T. Rodden and P. Dourish (eds.), 7 (4), December 2000, ACM Press [PDF]

Benford, S. D., Greenhalgh, C. M., Craven, M. C., Walker, G., Regan, T., Morphett, J. and Wyver, J., Broadcasting Interaction from within Collaborative Virtual Environments, in ACM Transactions on Human Computer Interaction (ACM ToCHI) Special Issue on Collaborative Virtual Environments, S. Benford, T. Rodden and P. Dourish (eds.), 7 (4), December 2000, ACM Press [PDF]

Greenhalgh, C., Purbrick, J., Benford, S., Craven, M., Drozd, A. and Taylor, I., Temporal links: recording and replaying virtual environments, in Proceedings of the 8th ACM international conference on Multimedia (MM 2000), pp. 67-74, 2000, ACM Press

Koleva, B. N., Schnadelbach, H. M., Benford, S. D. and Greenhalgh, C. M., Developing Mixed Reality Boundaries, in Proc. Designing Augmented Reality Environments (DARE 2000), Elsinore, Denmark, April 2000, pp.155-157

Koleva, B. N., Schnadelbach, H. M., Benford, S. D. and Greenhalgh, C. M., Traversable interfaces between real and virtual worlds, in Proc. ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2000), Hague, Netherlands, April 2000, pp.233-240, ACM Press [PDF]

Benford, S. D., Bederson, B. B., Åkesson, K., Bayon, V., Druin, A., Hansson, P., Hourcade, J. P., Ingram, R., Neale, H., O'Malley, C., Simsarian, K. T., Stanton, D., Sundblad, Y. and Taxén, G., Designing Storyteling Technologies to Encourage Collaboration Between Young Children, in Proc. ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2000), Hague, Netherlands, April 2000, pp.556-563, ACM Press [PDF]

Benford, S., Reynard, G., Greenhalgh, C., Snowdon, D. and Bullock, A., A Poetry Performance in a Collaborative Virtual Environment, in IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 20 (3), pp.66-75, May/June 2000, IEEE

Fraser, M., Glover, T., Vaghi, I., Benford, S., Greenhalgh, C., Hindmarsh, J. and Heath, C., Revealing the Reality of Collaborative Virtual Reality, in Proceedings of the Third ACM Conference on Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVE 2000), San Francisco, CA, USA, September 2000, pp. 29-37, ACM Press

Greenhalgh, C., Purbrick, J. and Snowdon, D., Inside MASSIVE-3: Flexible Support for Data Consistency and World Structuring, in Proceedings of the Third ACM Conference on Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVE 2000), San Francisco, CA, USA, September 2000, pp. 119-127, ACM Press

Craven, M., Benford, S., Greenhalgh, C., Wyver, J., Brazier, C.-J., Oldroyd, A. and Regan, T., Ages of Avatar: Community Building for Inhabited Television, in Proceedings of the Third ACM Conference on Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVE 2000), San Francisco, CA, USA, September 2000, pp. 189-194, ACM Press

Parsons, S., Beardon, L., Neale, H., Reynard, G., Eastgate, R., Wilson, J.R., Cobb, S., Benford, S., Mitchell, P. and Hopkins, E., Development of Social Skills amongst Adults with Asperger's Syndrome using Virtual Environments, in Proc. International Conference on Disabilities, VR and Associated Technologies (ICDVRAT'2000), 2000

1999

Greenhalgh, C., Benford, S., Taylor, I., Bowers, J., Walker, G. and Wyver, J., Creating a Live Broadcast from a Virtual Environment, in Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH'99, pp.375-384, ACM Press [PDF]

Benford, S., Taylor, I., Brailsford, D., Koleva, B., Craven, M., Fraser, M., Reynard G. and Greenhalgh, C., Three Dimensional Visualization of the World Wide Web, in ACM Computing Surveys, December 1999.

Greenhalgh, C., Benford, S. and Craven, M., Patterns of Network and User Activity in an Inhabited Television Event, in Proc. Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology (VRST '99), London, 20-22 December 1999, pp.34-41, ACM Press [PDF]

Vaghi, I., Greenhalgh, C. and Benford, S., Coping with Inconsistency due to Network Delays in Collaborative Virtual Environments, in Proc. Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology (VRST '99), London, 20-22 December 1999, ACM Press

Greenhalgh, C. M. and Benford, S. D., Supporting Rich And Dynamic Communication in Large Scale Collaborative Virtual Environments, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 8 (1), pp.14-35, February 1999, MIT Press

Fraser, M., Benford, S., Hindmarsh, J. and Heath, C., Supporting Awareness and Interaction through Collaborative Virtual Interfaces, in Proc. 12th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST'99), CHI Letters 1(1), Asheville, NC, USA, November 1999, ACM Press [PDF]

Greenhalgh, C., Benford, S. and Reynard, G., A QoS Architecture for Collaborative Virtual Environments, ACM Multimedia (MM'99), Orlando, Florida, November, 1999, ACM Press [PDF]

Steed, A., Slater, M., Sadagic, A., Bullock, A. and Tromp, J. Leadership and Collaboration in Shared Virtual Environments, in Proc. IEEE Virtual Reality (VR'99), Houston, Texas, March 1999, IEEE.

Benford, S., Greenhalgh, C., Craven, M., Walker G., Regan T., Morphett J., Wyver J. and Bowers J., Evaluating Out Of This World: An Experiment in Inhabited Television, in Proc. 6th European Conference on Computer Supported Co-operative Work (ECSCW'99), Copenhagen, September, 1999, pp.179-198, Kluwer [PDF]

Koleva, B. N., Benford, S. D. and Greenhalgh, C. M., The Properties of Mixed Reality Boundaries, in Proc. 6th European Conference on Computer Supported Co-operative Work (ECSCW'99), Copenhagen, September, 1999, Kluwer [PDF]

1998

Greenhalgh, C. M., Awareness Management in the MASSIVE Systems, Distributed Systems Engineering Journal, 5 (3), September 1998, pp.129-137, IOP Publishing

Benford, S., Greenhalgh, C., Reynard, G., Brown, C. and Koleva, B., Understanding and Constructing Shared Spaces with Mixed Reality Boundaries, ACM Transaction on Computer-Human Interaction (ToCHI), 5 (3), pp.185-223, September 1998, ACM Press [PDF]

Greenhalgh, C., Analysing Awareness Management in Distributed Virtual Environments, in Proc. Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVE'98) Manchester, UK, June 1998

Tromp, J., Steed, A., Frecon, E., Bullock, A., Benford, S., Smith, G., Sadagic, A. and Slater, M., Collaborative Virtual Environments: Experiments on Small Group Behaviour in the COVEN Project, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 18 (6), IEEE Press, November/December 1998

Greenhalgh, C. M., Benford, S. D., Bullock, A. N., Kuijpers, N. and Donkers, K., Predicting network traffic for collaborative virtual environments, Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 30, pp.1677-1685, Elsevier, 1998

Hindmarsh, J., Fraser, M., Heath, C., Benford, S. and Greenhalgh, C., Fragmented interaction: establishing mutual orientation in virtual environments, in Proc. ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Co-operative Work (CSCW'98), November 1998, ACM Press [PDF]

Reynard, G., Benford, S., and Greenhalgh, C., Awareness Driven Video Quality of Service in Collaborative Virtual Environments, in Proc. ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'98), Los Angeles, March 1998, ACM Press [PDF]

Benford, S., Greenhalgh, C., Brown, C., Walker, G., Regan, T., Morphett, J., Rea, P. and Wyver, J., Experiments in Inhabited TV, in CHI'98 Late Breaking Results (Conference Summary), pp.289-290, ACM Press [PDF]

1997

Benford, S. D., Snowdon, D. N., Colebourne, A., O'Brien, J. and Rodden, T., Informing the Design of Collaborative Virtual Environments, in Proc. ACM SIGGROUP International Conference on Supporting Group Work (GROUP'97), Pheonix, Arizona, November 1997, ACM Press

Benford, S. D. and Greenhalgh, C. M., A Multicast Architecture for Large-Scale Collaborative Virtual Environments, in Proc. Second European Conference on Multimedia Applications, Services and Techniques (ECMAST'97), Milano, Italy, May 1997, pp.113-128, Published as Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1242, Springer-Verlag

Greenhalgh, C. M., Bullock, A. N., Tromp, J. G. and Benford, S. D., Evaluating the Network and Usability Characteristics of Virtual Reality Conferencing, The British Telecom Technology Journal (BTTJ), Special Issue on Shared Spaces, 15 (4), October 1997

Benford, S. D., Snowdon, D. N., Brown, C. C., Reynard, G., T., and Ingram, R. J., Visualising and Populating the Web: Collaborative Virtual Environments for Browsing, Searching and Inhabiting Webspace, Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 29, pp.1751-1761, Elsevier, 1997 (first appeared in Proc. 8th Joint European Networking Conference - JENC'8, Edinburgh, UK, May 12-15th, 1997) [PDF]

Benford, S. D., Bowers, J. M., Fahlén, L. E., Greenhalgh, C. M., Snowdon, D. N., Embodiments, Avatars, Clones and Agents for Multi-user, Multi-sensory Virtual Worlds, Multimedia Systems, 5 (2), pp.93-104, 1997, Springer-Verlag

Benford, S. D., Greenhalgh, C. M. and Lloyd, D., Crowded Collaborative Virtual Environments, in Proc. 1997 ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'97), pp.59-66, Atlanta, Georgia, US, March 1997, ACM Press

Text [PDF] Colour plates [PDF]

Benford, S., Greenhalgh, C., Snowdon, D. and Bullock, A., Staging a Public Poetry Performance in a Collaborative Virtual Environment, in Proc. 5th European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (ECSCW'97), September 1997, Lancaster, UK, Kluwer [PDF]

Benford, S. D. and Greenhalgh, C. M., Introducing Third Party Objects into the Spatial Model of Interaction, in Proc. Fifth European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (ECSCW'97), pp.189-204, Lancaster, UK, September 1997, Kluwer Academic Publishers

Benford, S. D., Snowdon, D. N., Brown, C. C., Reynard, G., T. and Ingram, R. J. Visualising and Populating the Web: Collaborative Virtual Environments for Browsing, Searching and Inhabiting Webspace, in Proc. JENC'97 (8th Joint European Networking Conference), Edinburgh, UK, May 12-15th, 1997

Benford, S., Snowdon, D., Brown, C., Reynard, G. and Ingram, R., The populated web: Browsing, Searching and Inhabiting the WWW Using Collaborative Virtual Environments, in Proc. 6th IFIP Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (INTERACT'97), Sydney, Australia, July 1997

Bullock, A. and Benford S., Access Control in Virtual Environments, in Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology (VRST'97), Lausanne, Switzerland, 1997, ACM Press

Churchill, E., Snowdon, D., Benford, S. and Dhanda, P., Using VR-VIBE; browsing and searching for documents in 3d-space, in the 7th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International'97), San Francisco, CA, USA, August 1997

Greenhalgh, C., Analysing movement and world transitions in virtual reality tele-conferencing, in Proc. 5th European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (ECSCW'97), Lancaster, UK, September 1997, Kluwer [PDF]

Greenhalgh, C. and Benford, S., Boundaries, Awareness and Interaction in Collaborative Virtual Environments, in Proc. 6th International Workshop on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WET-ICE'97), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, June 1997 [PDF]

Jää-Aro,K. and Snowdon, D. Retaining body language in subjective virtual environments using artifact-centred coordinate systems, in Proc. HICSS-30 Software Technology Track, Wailea, Maui, Hawai'i, U.S.A, January 1997

Snowdon, D., Benford, S., Greenhalgh, C., Ingram, R., Brown, C., Fahlén, L. and Stenius, M., A 3D Collaborative Virtual Environment for Web Browsing, in Virtual Reality Universe'97 , Westin Santa Clara Hotel, California, USA, April 1997 [PDF]

Snowdon, D. and Jää-Aro, K., A subjective Virtual Environment for collaborative information visualization, in Virtual Reality Universe'97 Westin Santa Clara Hotel, California, USA, April 1997 [PDF]

Tromp, J. and Snowdon, D., Virtual Body Language: Providing appropriate user interfaces in collaborative virtual environments, in Proc. Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology (VRST'97), Lausanne, Switzerland. September 1997

1996

Ingram, R. J. and Benford, S. D., The Application of Legibility Techniques to Enhance 3-D Information Visualisations, The Computer Journal, 39 (10), pp.819-836, 1996, Oxford University Press [PDF]

Dave Snowdon, Greenhalgh, C., Benford, S., Adrian Bullock and Brown, C., A Review of Distributed Architectures for Networked Virtual Reality, in Virtual Reality: Research, Development and Application, 2 (1), pp.155-175, 1996, Virtual Press

Benford, S. D., Brown, C. C., Reynard, G. T. and Greenhalgh, C. M., Shared Spaces: Transportation, Artificiality and Spatiality, in Proc. ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW'96), Boston, pp.77-86, 1996, ACM Press

Brown, C., Benford, S. and Snowdon, D., Collaborative Visualization of Large Scale Hypermedia Databases, in Proceedings of the 5th ERCIM/W4G Workshop, GMD, Sankt Augustin, April 1996 [PDF]

Ingram, R., Bowers, J. and Benford, S., Building Virtual Cities: Applying Urban Planning Principles to the Design of Virtual Environments, in Proc. Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology (VRST'96), Hong Kong, July 1996 [PDF]

Slater, M., Usoh, M., Benford, S., Snowdon, D., Brown, C., Rodden, T., Smith, G. and Wilbur, S., Distributed Extensible Virtual Reality Laboratory (DEVRL) - A Project for Cooperation in Multi Participant Environments, in M. Goebel (ed.) 3rd Eurographics Workshop on Virtual Environments, Monte Carlo, February 1996, ISSN 1024-0861

Snowdon, D., Benford, S., Greenhalgh, C., Colebourne, A. and O'Brien, J., From multi-user to cooperative databases supporting communication and awareness, in 3rd International Workshop on Interfaces to Databases Napier University, Edinburgh, UK, July 1996

Snowdon, D., Fahlén, L. and Stenius, M., WWW3D: A 3D multi-user web browser, in WebNet'96 San Francisco, CA, USA, October 1996 [PDF]

Snowdon, D. and Jää-Aro, K., Body-Centred Configuration in Collaborative Virtual Environments, in Proc. Framework for Immersive Virtual Environments (FIVE'96), Pisa, Italy, December 1996 [PDF abstract]

1995

Benford, S. D., Snowdon, D. N., Greenhalgh, C. M., Ingram, R. J., Knox, I. and Brown, C. C., VR-VIBE: A Virtual Environment for Co-operative Information Retrieval, Computer Graphics Forum, 14, (3), pp.349-360, 1995, NCC Blackwell

Benford, S. D. and Greenhalgh, C. M., A Spatial Approach to Speech and Gestural Control in Collaborative Virtual Environments, in Proc. Combined International Conference on Artificial Reality and Tele-Existence'95 and ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology' 95 (ICAT/VRST'95), Makuhari, Chiba, Japan, November 1995 [PDF]

Benford, S. D., Bowers, J. M., Fahlén, L. E., Greenhalgh, C. M. and Snowdon, D. N. User Embodiment in Collaborative Virtual Environments, in Proc. 1995 ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'95), Denver, Colorado, USA, May 1995, ACM Press [PDF]

Benford, S., Bowers, J., Fahlén, L., Greenhalgh, C., Mariani, J. amd Rodden, T., Networked Virtual Reality and Cooperative Work, in Presence: teleoperators and virtual environments, MIT Press, 1995

Benford, S., Bowers, J., Fahlén, L., Mariani,J. and Rodden, T., Collaborative Virtual Environments, in the Computer Journal, Oxford University Press, 1995

Lee, O. and Benford, S. D., An Explorative Model for Federated Trading in Distributed Computing Environments, in Proc. IFIP International Conference on Open Distributed Processing (ICODP'95), Brisbane, Australia, February 1995

Greenhalgh, C. M., and Benford, S. D. MASSIVE: A Virtual Reality System for Tele-conferencing, ACM Transactions on Computer Human Interfaces (TOCHI), 2 (3), pp. 239-261, ISSN 1073-0516, ACM Press, September 1995 [PDF]

Benford, S., Bullock, A., Greenhalgh, C., Ingram, R. and Snowdon, D. Collaborative Virtual Environments: User Interaction and Populated Information Terrains, Invited paper for Imagina'95, Monte-Carlo, February 1995

Benford, S. and Snowdon, D., Collaborative Virtual Environments, IEE Computing and Control Division, Vacation School on Fundamentals of Multimedia Systems, Lancaster University, UK, September 1995

Benford, S., Snowdon, D., Greenhalgh, C., Ingram, R., Knox, I. and Brown, C., VR-VIBE: A Virtual Environment for Co-operative Information Retrieval, in Proc. Eurographics'95, Maastricht, The Netherlands, pp.349-360, August 1995

Greenhalgh, C. and Benford, S., MASSIVE: a Distributed Virtual Reality System Incorporating Spatial Trading, in Proc. 15th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS'95), Vancouver, Canada, pp.27-34, May 1995, IEEE Computer Society [PDF]

Greenhalgh, C. M. and Benford, S. D., Virtual Reality Tele-conferencing: Implementation and Experience, in Proc. Fourth European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (ECSCW'95), Stockholm, September 1995, North-Holland [PDF]

Ingram, R. and Benford, S., Improving the Legibility of Virtual Environments, in M. Goebel (ed.) Virtual Environments'95 (Selected Papers from The Eurographics Workshops in Barcelona, 1993 and Monaco, 1995), pp.211-223, Springer, ISBN 3-211-82737-4 [PDF]

Ingram, R. J. and Benford, S. D., Legibility Enhancement for Information Visualiation, in Proc. IEEE Conference on Vizualisation (IEEE VIZ'95), Atlanta, US, November 1995, [PDF]

Snowdon, D., Benford, S., Brown, C., Ingram, R., Knox, I. and Studley, L., Information Visualization, Browsing and Sharing in Populated Information Terrains BCS Seminar series on New Directions in Software Development, University of Wolverhampton, UK, March 1995

Snowdon, D., Greenhalgh, C. and Benford, S. What You See is Not What I See: Subjectivity in Virtual Environments, in Framework for Immersive Virtual Enviroments (FIVE'95), QMW University of London, UK, December 1995

1994

Snowdon, D. N. and West, A. J., AVIARY: Design issues for future large-scale Virtual Environments, Presence: Teleoperators and virtual environments, 3 (4), 1994, MIT Press

Benford, S. D., Bowers, J., Gray, S., Rodden, T. R., Rygol, M. and Stanger, V., The Virtuosi Project, in Proc. VR'94 (London Virtual Reality Expo 1994), Meckler, London, February 1994 [PDF]

Benford, S. and Fahlén, L., ;Viewpoints, Actionpoints and Spatial Frames for Collaborative User Interfaces, in Proc. HCI'94, Glasgow, August 1994 [PDF]

Benford, S., Fahlén, L. and Bowers, J., Supporting Social Communication Skills in Multi-Actor Artifical Realities, in Proc. Fourth International Conference on Artifical Reality and Tele-Existence (ICAT'94), Society of Instrument and Control Engineers (SICE) and the Japan Technology Transfer Association (JTTAS), Tokyo, Japan, July 1994

Benford, S. D., Fahlén, L. E. and Bowers, J. M., Managing Mutual Awareness in Collaborative Virtual Environments, in Singh, G., Feiner, S. K., Thalmann, D. (eds.) Proc. ACM SIGCHI Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology (VRST'94), Singapore, pp.223-236, August 1994, World Scientific: Singapore [PDF]

Benford, S. D., Bowers, J. M., Fahl�n, L. E., Greenhalgh, C. M. and Snowdon, D. N., A Workout for Virtual Body Builders: Design Issues for User Embodiment in Collaborative Virtual Environments, in Proc. ISMCR '94: Topical Workshop on Virtual Reality, NASA Johnson Space Centre, Houston, Texas, USA, December 1994, NASA Conference Publication 10163

Benford, S. D. and Lee, O., A Naming Model for Distributed Group Communication, in Proc. IFIP 6.5 Conference on Upper Layer Protocols, Applications and Architectures (ULPAA'94), Barcelona, Spain, June 1994, Elsevier Science Publishers

Benford, S., Fahlén, L., Bowers, J., Greenhalgh, C. and Snowdon, D., A workout for Virtual Bodybuilders, in ISMCR'94, The Fourth International Symposium on Measurement and Control in Robotics, Houston, Texas, November 1994

Benford, S. D. and Mariani, J. M., Virtual Environments for data Sharing and Visualisation - Populated Information Terrains, in P. Sawyer (ed.) Proc. Interfaces to Database Systems (IDS) '94, Lancaster, UK, 1994, Springer-Verlag [PDF]

Bullock, A. and Benford, S., An Approach to Access Control for Collaborative Virtual Environments, in Pehrson, B., Skarback, E. (eds.) Proc. 6th ERCIM workshops, Stockholm, pp.233-246, June 1994 [PDF]

Greenhalgh, C., An experimental implementation of the spatial model, in Pehrson, B., Skarback, E. (eds.) Proc. 6th ERCIM workshops, Stockholm, , pp.53-71, June 1994 [PDF]

Snowdon, D. N. and West, A. J., The AVIARY VR System: A Prototype Implementation, in 6th ERCIM Workshop, Stockholm, June 1994 [PDF]

1993

Benford, S. D., Bullock, A. N., Cook, N. L., Harvey, P., Ingram, R. J. and Lee, O. (1993) From Rooms to Cyberspace: Models of Interaction in Large Virtual Computer Spaces, Interacting With Computers, 5 (2), pp.217-237, Butterworth-Heinmann, 1993 [PDF]

Benford, S., Bullock, A., Harvey, P., Howidy, H., Shepherd, A. and Smith, A., GRACE: a system to support the development and use of global CSCW applications, Internet Research: Electronic Networking, Applications and Policy, 3 (1), April 1993 [PDF]

Benford, S. and Lee, O. K., Collaborative Naming in Distributed Systems, Distributed Systems Engineering Journal, 1 (2), BCS/IEE/IOP publishing, 1993

Benford, S. D. and Fahl�n, L. E., Awareness, Focus, Nimbus and Aura - A Spatial Model of Interaction in Virtual Worlds, in Proc. HCI International '93, Orlando, Florida, 1993

Benford, S. D., Bullock, A. N., Cook, N. L., Harvey, P. W., Ingram, R. J. and Lee, O., A Model of Conversation Management in Virtual Rooms, in Proc. Telepresence'93, Lille, France, March 1993 [PDF]

Benford, S. D., Prinz, W., Mariani, J., Rodden, T. R., Navarro, L., Bignoli, E., Brown, C. G. and Naslund, T., MOCCA - A Distributed Environment for Collaboration, in Proc. Telepresence'93, Lille, France, March 1993

Benford, S. D., Bullock, A. N., Cook, N. L., Harvey, P. W., Ingram, R. J. and Lee, O., A Spatial Model of Cooperation for Virtual Worlds, in Proc. Informatique '93: Interfaces to Real and Virtual Worlds, Montpelier, France, March 1993 [PDF]

Benford, S. and Fahlén, L., A Spatial Model of Interaction in Virtual Environments, in Proc. Third European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (ECSCW'93), Milano, Italy, September 1993 [PDF]

Benford, S. D., Lee, O. and Bullock, A. N., Supporting Cooperative Work in Virtual Reality, in Proc. Infoscience'93 - The International Conference in Commemoration of the 20th Anniversary of the Korean Information Science Society, Seoul, October 1993 [PDF]

Snowdon, D. N., West, A. J. and Howard, T. L. J., Towards the Next Generation of Human Computer Interface, Informatique'93: Interface to Real & Virtual Worlds, Montpelier, France, pp.399-408, March 1993 [PDF]

1992

Benford, S. and Palme, J., A Standard for OSI Group Communication, Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 25, pp.933-946, North-Holland, 1992

Benford, S., Smith, H., Shepherd, A., Bullock, A. and Howidy, H., An Information Sharing Approach to CSCW: The Grace Project, International Journal of Computer Communications, 15 (8), pp.502-508, Butterworth-Heinmann, October 1992

Benford, S. D., Turoff, M. and Palme, J., An ISO Standard to Support Asynchronous Group Communication, Computer Standards and Interfaces, 14, pp.363-373, North-Holland, 1992 [PDF]

Benford, S. D., Turoff, M. and Palme, J., Developing International Standards for OSI Group Communication, in Proc. 1992 IFIP International Conference on Upper Layer Protocols, Architectures and Applications, Vancouver, Canada, May 1992, North-Holland

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